kassites in the bible

Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). Museum, British. Mid-12th Century. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. 3, 1963, pp. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Cush here probably refers, not to Ethiopia, but to the land of the Kassites in the mountains of east of Mesopotamia. van Soldt Grammatical Irregularities in Middle Babylonian Texts and their Chronology 165 Helen Malko The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity 177 Odette Boivin The Palace as Economic Production . Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Kassites like never before. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. [10][11] A few inscribed building materials of Kurigalzu I were found at Kish. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty examines the impact the Kassites had on the region. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. The Kassites were very active at Ur. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. Some kudurrus are kept in the Louvre in Paris and others in the National Museum of Iraq. While it is hard sometimes to match particular events from the Amarna letters to exact biblical events from this time period, it is not hard to see that the land and culture in question is the same. The Babylonians were the first to form an empire that would encompass all of Mesopotamia. During the time of the Canaanite conquest the most profound source of extra-biblical evidence is from a cache of letters called the Amarna letters. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. 421-436. On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society. This form resembles the much later Greek name Kossaioii, Lat. Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( middle chronology ). Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Coss(a)ei, Cossiaei, etc., i.e., Kassites (along with he Kissa as the name of the Kassites country; see Weissbach, 1921, 1922; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135; Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 471b). The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. 685685, Malko, Helen. Therefore it is clear that the King List includes ancestors of the Kassite kings (cf. of Pientka, Sptaltbabylonische Zeit, OLZ 95, 2000, pp. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. Trustees of the British Museum. [52] Many small pottery kilns, generally no bigger than 2 meters in diameter with domed tops, were found in the Babylonian city of Dilbat. 479-491, Potts, D. T. Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. diss., Columbia University, 2002. Their communication with the authorities was facilitated by translators, who also acted as informers. 55, pp. Idem, Prelude to Empire: Babylonian Society and Politics, 747-626 B.C., Occasional Publications of the Babylonian Fund 7, Philadelphia, 1984. A Guide to G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. (Deuteronomy 12:31 NIV). In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. The Kassites strove to be integrated in the culture of the conquered land. BIBLE BATTLES - Military History - Strategy and Tactics - Ancient The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 3000-323 BC., Oxford, 2003. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? Possible traces of Kassites in Iranian nomenclature are negligible, for instance, Kagn, Kaakn < Kaaka@n, i.e., possibly "land of the Kassites" in Iran (see Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135). More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. Katiliau of Terqa was probably a contemporary of Abi-euh (1711-1684 BCE; see Podany, 2002, pp. A. ; Pientka, 1998, pp. J. In the period . When did the Kassites take over the Babylonian Empire? Selves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. Sassmannshausen (2001, p. 137) infers that they were subjected to Kassite inspectors. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. Omissions? This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? The emergence of Assyria as a world power under Aur-uballi caused Burnaburia II to marry Aur-uballis daughter as his main wife. [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. 1499 BCE. 44 f., 59). Namri was named Babil, i.e., Babylon, in Urartian inscriptions, according to Diakonoff and Kashkai (1979, pp. 263 f. with lit.). 283304, Armstrong, James A.. "15. The Bible is not specific as to the exact date. K. Balkan (1986, pp. During subsequent raids, Elamite troops stole numerous monuments from sanctuaries across southern Mesopotamia and carried them back to Susa, contributing to . History of ancient Babylon - History Rundown The event is recorded in Genesis 12. ''Some Shared Traditions Between Hana and the Kassites'', In Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour on His 80th Birthday, 417-432.Potts, D. T. (2006). The few sources consist of personal names, a few documents, and some technical terms related to horses and chariotry. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. 4, 1965, pp. Gasche et al. Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". 45-52. Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. The Bible makes many references to a people known as the "Cushites," implying they are the descendents of Noah's grandson Cush, who inhabited the "Land of Cush" in Old Testament times. Kassites played a central role in the military. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. [1] By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. A.. "The Names of the Last Eight Kings of the Kassite Dynasty" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. 43 f.; cf. First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. [17] This practice continued for several centuries after the end of the Kassite Dynasty. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. "6. The inscription is believed to be between 1400 1200 BCE, right around the time where Israel was in captivity or shortly after leaving captivity. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Ran Zadok, "KASSITES,"Encyclopdia Iranica, online edition, 2015, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kassites (accessed on 13May2015). The Worst Televangelist Product Scams Of All Time. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. Either way, the Amarna texts (#287-290) give an excellent insight into the turmoil that was going on around the same time that Joshua marched into the land. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The detestable worship of Baals and sun/moon gods is documented even within the circumstantial Amarna Letters. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. 15:7). ("Year in which Samsu-iluna the king (defeated) the totality of the strength of the army / the troops of the Kassites"). World History Encyclopedia, 03 Aug 2011. S. F. C. Richardson, The Collapse of a Complex State: A Reappraisal of the End of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1683-1597 B.C., Ph.D. It was in the area between this Havilah and Shur that Saul defeated the Amalekites and captured Agag, their king (I Sam. Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. 124, no. [in:], Biggs, Robert D. A Letter from Kassite Nippur. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. After Hammurabi, Babylon was taken by the Kassites who called the city Karanduniash. (2012). Kassite Art: Unfinished Kudurru (article) | Khan Academy "People Praying on Stone: Identity in Kassite Babylonian Seals, ca. Charpin, 1995). Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. World History Encyclopedia. In addition to their original members and dependents, both sectors absorbed prisoners of war, fugitive foreigners. Bill T. Arnold. But a Bible verse got me back to reading the Bible again. The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. The temple gave people loans, possibly in return for labor, which may have led to a situation of indebtedness. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible Last modified August 03, 2011. The Kassites, the ancient Near Eastern people who seized power in Babylonia following the fall of the first Babylonian Dynasty and subsequently went on to rule it for some three hundred and fifty years during the late bronze age, possessed a pantheon of gods but few are known beyond the laconic mention in the theophoric element of a name. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. Leiden: BRILL. 437-478, Malko, Helen. Idem, Beitrge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, Baghdader Forschungen 21, Mainz, 2001. [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most. The Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections makes a very strong argument that it is not representing Israel but the field is quite divided on this piece. [2] A dynasty of Kassite origin ruled Babylonia starting with the fifteenth century BCE. Volume 1 Kardunia. 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." Krishna was at once a Kurus, an Abhira, and a Yadava. The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. The first-millennium Babylonian King Lists assign the Kassite dynasty the longest rule of all the other dynasties who ruled Babylonia: 36 kings who ruled for 576 years and nine months. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. They had some distinct words for their language, but they borrowed most of their dialect from the Babylonian people. Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. Babylon under Kassite rulers, who renamed the city Karanduniash, re-emerged as a political and military power in Mesopotamia. 5 ff. The Midianites were a biblical people who occupied territory east of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and southward through the desert wilderness of the Arabah. 164 f.) and Hatti. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. 49, no. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. Balkan, 1954, pp. Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. )], Buga[u?] The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. A Middle Babylonian Legal Document Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. 1 The Assyrian Empire. History and Archaeology of the World's Oldest CityBabel/Babylon and This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. There, they are associated with the city of Ur and the Biblical patriarch Abraham, who was born in Ur. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. J. (c)linking his wealth to the traditional system (d)damaging the economy beyond repair (e)permanently reforming corrupt temple priest in egypt (a)the invention of monotheism Which of the following is true of the rule of Akhenaten? Because I thought I believe so different from everyone else. Prof. David Goldenberg Categories: Beha'alotcha Old Arab Woman, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1882. Donbaz, Veysel. Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. First Century Israel Map - If we reference this ancient trade route map it will show us where the Kassites (Semitic people, Akkad, pdf; Akkadian, pdf) once lived, in the mountains east of Mesopotamia. Expedition Magazine - Penn Museum There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. The Biblical Garden of Eden The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. The art of the Kassite period is best known for a type of stone monument known as a kudurru ( 1985.45 ). Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. Kassites Govern Babylon - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History The new rulers, non-Babylonians known as Kassites, adopted Babylonian conventions in their royal iconography and inscriptions. 86 ff.). A. 225, 1977, pp. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. Kassites. The fall of Babylon is reported by a number of ancient sources, including the Cyrus Cylinder, the Greek historian Herodotus, as well as a number of books in the Old Testament. Moses birth was 80 years before the Exodus in 1392bce or 2528 from Adam. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. [56], Seals were used widely across the Near Eastern kingdoms during the Kassite rule. "Inscription of Kurigalzu I". The original abodes of the Kassites are not known. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. Slavery was common, but not the dominant factor of the workforce. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. J. Oelsner, Landvergabe im kassitischen Babylonien, in M. A. Dandamayev, I. Gershevitch, H. Klengel, G. Komorczy, M. T. Larsen, and J. N. Postgate, eds., Societies and Languages in the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M. These grants were recorded on stone stelae (sing. [26] v. Kassite Dynasty (List of Kings) Gandash, 16 years Agum I (s), 22 years L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. The first place to start when trying to locate the Garden of Eden is in the Bible. 233234, Levine, Louis D. The Second Campaign of Sennacherib. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. Download Free PDF View PDF. Ghent, 1998. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. 492-507, Brinkman, J. Thereafter, Kassite groups and individuals are recorded in northern Babylonia, especially around Sippar Yahrurum (see Zadok, 1987, pp. 287-90. 471-589. 271-81. A. H. Podany, The Land of Hana: Kings, Chronology, and Scribal Tradition, Bethesda, Md., 2002. ISBN 978-9004430914. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. On the Seal Impressions on Some Old Babylonian Tablets Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 9, pp. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b).

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