death by dangerous driving uk

YmRhNTk1NmZhYzI0NjhiOGJlNjZjNzlhM2M4N2ZlMGI1Y2NjNTVlMDgyY2Y5 Previous restrictions placed upon Guest endeavoured to prevent this, but he continued to flout the law, leading to the tragic death of his passenger Ben Priest. Identify the appropriate starting point, Previous conviction(s), particularly where a pattern of repeat offending is disclosed. This must be done within 28 days of sentencing and will usually involve arguing that the sentence was too harsh or that there were mitigating circumstances that should have been taken into account. NDE1YTJlNzA0ODAzMjU2ZjY2MTc5YTBkNGYzZTQwZWQ4YTMyZGQwMTU3ZjNi This Bill, the Death by Dangerous Driving (Sentencing) Bill, is simple. These changes have not been reflected in this guideline. To be guilty of this offence, a person must be found to have caused the death of another person by driving a mechanically propelled vehicle dangerously in a public place. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. eyJtZXNzYWdlIjoiZGRiZTg4YjUxY2NmNzllZmVlMjJjMWRkMDgwNmZjZDQ3 OTYzYzFkZjI1ZWRkNDYwYWE0ZTczYjA1MWZmYjUyYjg2MTBmOTlkZmE2NzQ0 Sentencers should take into account relevant matters of personal mitigation; in particular: This is not a factor that automatically should be treated as a mitigating factor, especially now that the presence of previous convictions is a statutory aggravating factor. ZDgxNGViODYzMTFiOTZiYjVhNDFkYzNmNzdkNGY1NGM5YzAzNDgxZGE5MGM1 Jason Evans, 31, was in a . The team at Caddick Davies have a wealth of experience in dealing with all types of motoring offence cases and can provide you with the expert guidance and support that you need. Cardiff a) causing death by dangerous driving, b) causing death by careless driving c) failing to stop at the scene of an accident 6) What were the reasons stipulated given for driving bans. Basingstoke man sentenced for driving at police officers to avoid arrest. YWQ3MTM1ODRhZDVkM2FhMTNmZDcwYzgwZjYwMDUzNGQyNjkwYjIzYTI4OWYx As a result of the collision, the pedestrian died; her husband was unharmed. Andrew Brown, 23, suffered fatal injuries from being hit and a second man escaped with minor injuries. Injury to the offender may be a mitigating factor when the offender has suffered very serious injuries. Today, the Court of Appeal has increased his sentence to 7 years. "Although PC Francis has now been sentenced for this . Dangerous driving means falling well below the standards expected of a competent driver, and can include driving too fast or aggressively, ignoring traffic signals, driving when unfit and being distracted, such as by a mobile phone. Caddick Davies is a trading name of Caddick Davies Solicitors Limited, a company registered in England and Wales with registration number 8859228. When considering the totality of previous offending a court should take a rounded view of the previous crimes and not simply aggregate the individual offences. relatives, especially children or partner of the victim, Additional degradation of the victim (e.g. YmNhNThmYzY3ZmZlNDI0ZjBhOWZmNWNhNTI2ODlmMzBmZjE4OWI2YzJhNmYx This can include speeding, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, street racing, and more. NDBkNjlmN2I1ZTQ2MzNmZGUwYjc4YTU0OGM5ZjJmNGVmMmJjYTlkYWFhZmVl ZjIxZDJkZTNlYjEwYjMwYThhNjU5ZThhZmFjNDVkOTU4NWQxMDAwMzQwODIx This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Denii Reynolds, from Grimsby, was a passenger in a Citroen which was . Where it is established to the satisfaction of the court that an offender had consumed alcohol or drugs unwittingly before driving, that may be regarded as a mitigating factor. Magistrates: Consult your legal adviser before deciding to sentence to custody without a pre-sentence report. If you are found guilty of causing death by dangerous driving, the consequences are severe. All of these actions are illegal in their own right and so if you cause death by dangerous driving while doing one of these you may also be charged with that offence too. It replaces the former offence of reckless driving. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. Select the geography (England and Wales, regional or by local authority). The seriousness of any offence included in these guidelines will generally be greater where more than one person is killed since it is inevitable that the degree of harm will be greater. A man has been found not guilty of causing the death by dangerous driving of an amateur boxer who was killed when a van crashed into stationary cars and hit a stone wall. driving under the influence, causing death by dangerous driving, speeding. HGV licence, who have had a driving ban/conviction of causing death by dangerous/careless driving/driving under the influence. ZTljNDdjZGNlOWQxMGMxOTM0NTIwNTNhODZiNmI5NDBjZDU0ZjkwYjhlMDc2 ZGNlNjJkMzAxNGU0MTkxNzQxZjI5MjA2NWY5YTBhZTA3ZDcwNmZjNGZkYmZm See Totality guideline. For sections 1 and 2 of the M1Road Traffic Act 1988 there shall be substituted " 1 Causing death by dangerous driving. *We aim to respond to every enquiry between 9am5pm within 30 minutes. You can change your cookie settings at any time. We have attached an output fromNOMISfor 2013 to 2020. Liverpool This can include speeding, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, street racing, and more. Brown, from Dorchester Drive, Portadown, is accused of causing the death of 17-year-old Rachael Lowry by driving dangerously on the Coolmillish Road in Markethill on September 24, 2020. The court will then make a decision and if they agree with you, they will reduce the sentence. This can sometimes be a complex issue if there was a sequence of events or intervening acts leading to the fatality. If you plead not guilty, a trial date will be set and you will have the opportunity to present your defence. "Dangerously" [ edit] Nottingham We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve our services. Caddick Davies is recognised as one of England and Wales leading motoring law firms, offering specialist Speeding Solicitors, Drink Driving Solicitors & Dangerous Driving Solicitors.We provide advice and representation on all motoring offences including speeding, the avoidance of disqualification on penalty points or totting up (exceptional hardship), driving without due care and attention (careless driving), dangerous driving, drink driving, as well as a range of services related to medical revocation of a driving licence. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. i) The guidance regarding pre-sentence reports applies if suspending custody. The team at Caddick Davies have a wealth of experience in dealing with motoring offence cases and can provide you with the expert guidance and support that you need. Police collision reports concluded that Mr Green was alleged to have been travelling at a speed between 68MPH and 81MPH. NWM1YzExNjA0NjdkNTVjOTcyMDRiZGUzZTA4YzhmOGY1M2QzNWFiMTZiN2U2 Well send you a link to a feedback form. But causing death by dangerous driving in the UK is an 'accident'. Driving too close to a bike or horse; allowing a vehicle to mount the pavement; driving into a cycle lane; and driving without the care needed in the vicinity of a pedestrian crossing, hospital, school or residential home, are all examples of factors that should be taken into account when determining the seriousness of an offence. This information applies to the four guidelines for causing death by dangerous driving, causing death by driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, causing death by careless driving and causing death by driving:unlicensed, disqualified or uninsured drivers. The sentence will be decided by the judge, taking into account factors such as the seriousness of the offence and whether there were any aggravating or mitigating circumstances. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. . The 3 levels are distinguished by factors related predominantly to the standard of driving; the general description of the degree of risk is complemented by examples of the type of bad driving arising. There must be clear evidence the driving or the poor standard of driving caused the fatality. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Road Traffic - Mutual Recognition of Driving Disqualifications (UK/Ireland) Road Traffic - Summary Offences; . dangerous driving whilst under the influence, Other offences committed at the same time, i.e. Although Guest was injured, he was able to climb out of the car. Dangerous driving is defined as driving in a manner that falls considerably below the minimum acceptable standard expected of a competent driver and in such a way that it would be obvious to a competent driver that there is a serious risk of personal injury or damage to property. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. NDY4YTIzMzFiYTI3MTFkMjBkZTI5Y2Y0OTA2NmYxNDkzNjc0NjZmYzU3ZjBm Unless inherent in the offence or charged separately, failure to provide a specimen for analysis (or to allow a blood specimen taken without consent to be analysed) should be regarded as a determinant of offence seriousness. ii) If the court imposes a term of imprisonment of between 14 days and 2 years (subject to magistrates courts sentencing powers), it may suspend the sentence for between 6 months and 2 years (the operational period). These include: These are just some of the ways in which the sentence can be reduced. Death by dangerous driving is a very serious offence that can result in a fourteen-year custodial sentence according to the death by dangerous driving sentencing guidelines. 2. Using a hand-held mobile phone when driving is, in itself, an unlawful act; the fact that an offender was avoidably distracted by using a hand-held mobile phone when a causing death by driving offence was committed will always make an offence more serious. A mandatory disqualification from driving any motor vehicle for a minimum of two years. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 2 Dangerous driving. Where there is a larger group of determinants of seriousness and/or aggravating factors, this may justify moving the starting point to the next level. The standard test used by the Court under the Road Traffic Act 1988 is put . Starting points based on first time offender pleading not guilty. In practical terms, separate charges are likely to be brought in relation to each death caused. The driver did not intentionally go out that morning, day or night to kill someone. 3) What is the shortest term commensurate with the seriousness of the offence? Causing death by careless or inconsiderate driving6 1 For a discussion about the extent to which these offences are separate, see Ferguson, P., and Mc Diarmid, C., 2014. M2YxM2MzZTU5ZDdmYTk5MGI0ZjYxMmI2YzE4YmEyY2ViMmNlOTFlYTE3OGVh We recognise that even though you may be accused of being at fault, these things are rarely straightforward and dedicated assistance from people that understand is vital. Select format (Excel or CSV for example) For more historic data, please use our. We will always give you honest advice about your case and will fight tirelessly to get the best possible outcome for you. Where death of another person inside or outside the vehicle is caused by. NTQ4OThiYWVmYmI5ZDhhZmZmOTkxMDJhYzFhZTYyMzBhYmNkYzY2NzU4Njc4 3) How many people have died each year since 2011 from a road traffic accident in which it was deemed that it was not their fault at all. 22nd May 2018 |, 4th October 2017 |, 8th August 2017 |. Some common defences include: If you are charged with death by dangerous driving, here is what will happen at court: The victims family may also give a victims impact statement. For example, if the offender was driving at high speeds, had a previous conviction for dangerous driving, or was under the influence of drugs or alcohol then they are likely to receive a harsher sentence. When assessing the seriousness of any offence, the court must always refer to the full list of aggravating and mitigating factors in the Council guideline on Seriousness [now replaced by the General guideline] as well as those set out in the guideline table as being particularly relevant to this type of offending behaviour. The level of blame arises from driving when not being allowed to do so. There may be general or offence specific mitigating factors and matters of personal mitigation which could result in a sentence that is lower than the suggested starting point (possibly substantially so), or a sentence of a different type. The fact that the victim of a causing death by driving offence was a particularly vulnerable road user is a factor that should be taken into account when determining the seriousness of an offence. Ideally a pre-sentence report should be completed on the same day to avoid adjourning the case. Canada's Criminal Code has equivalent provisions covering dangerous driving (see "Canada" section below). Whilst it can be expected that anyone who has caused death by driving would be expected to feel remorseful, this cannot undermine its importance for sentencing purposes. the length of imprisonment which represents the shortest term commensurate with the seriousness of the offence; Previous convictions for motoring offences, particularly offences that involve bad driving or the consumption of excessive alcohol or drugs before driving, More than one person killed as a result of the offence, Serious injury to one or more victims, in addition to the death(s), Other offences committed at the same time, such as driving other than in accordance with the terms of a valid licence; driving while disqualified; driving without insurance; taking a vehicle without consent; driving a stolen vehicle, The offenders irresponsible behaviour such as failing to stop, falsely claiming that one of the victims was responsible for the collision, or trying to throw the victim off the car by swerving in order to escape, Driving off in an attempt to avoid detection or apprehension, Offender was seriously injured in the collision, The victim was a close friend or relative, Actions of the victim or a third party contributed significantly to the likelihood of a collision occurring and/or death resulting, The offenders lack of driving experience contributed to the commission of the offence, The driving was in response to a proven and genuine emergency falling short of a defence, Offence committed whilst on bail for other offences, Offence was racially or religiously aggravated, Offence motivated by, or demonstrating, hostility to the victim based on his or her sexual orientation (or presumed sexual orientation), Offence motivated by, or demonstrating, hostility based on the victims disability (or presumed disability). MDBiOWM4ODI5NWJjNTlhYmZjMDlhZDU4ZGY3YWYxOTJmYmRkNDViOGI0Mzgx A man who caused his friend's death in a fatal collision, and then tried to frame the victim, has today had his sentence increased after the Solicitor General, Robert Buckland QC . document.addEventListener('wpcf7mailsent', function (event) { A former US spy has pleaded guilty to causing the death of Harry Dunn by careless driving, following a three-year campaign for justice by the teenager's family. Frequently the police will ask suspects to attend the police station to be questioned on a voluntary basis, with a person being released under investigation afterwards pending the conclusion of the police enquiries and gathering of witness statements. When interviewing potential lawyers, make sure you ask them about their experience in this area and whether they have a good track record defending these types of cases. Guideline users should be aware that the Equal Treatment Bench Book covers important aspects of fair treatment and disparity of outcomes for different groups in the criminal justice system. MzZkOWNmN2YzNmYwODY1YjZkNTk1MzkwM2FkY2IwYThkN2Q3YzRmZGY1MjAz The best way to avoid getting into legal trouble is to always follow safe driving practices. 8) How many people have had a further speeding offence or been arrested for a suspected driving offence, whilst on bail after being charged with causing death by dangerous driving. MDhlMGI5OTc3ZGU2NmEwYmVkNTlkNTVmZGU1ZDUzMzYzMWU5MGNlNWY2NDBj The main factor that varies between these driving offences where a death occurs is how much the offender is to blame and how bad the driving or failure by the driver was. 1 March 2019. 7) What are the demographics including age, gender, race, occupation, religion and marital status of people who have caused death by dangerous driving. Prosecutor Gavin Doig, said it was around 4.35pm on Sunday June 20 that Owens was driving his Ford Mondeo on Sulgrave Road, Washington, with 29-year-old Dean in the passenger seat wearing a seat . Death by dangerous driving is governed by the Road Traffic Act 1988. All of this will be explained to you in more detail by your legal team. A distinction has been drawn between ordinary avoidable distractions and those that are more significant because they divert the attention of the driver for longer periods or to a greater extent; in this guideline these are referred to as a gross avoidable distraction. Contributor Posts 17137 Registered 25/2/02 Location Silly Suffolk Member Is Offline Photo Archive Building: It is an ex-Locost - it has gone to the IOW! Driving offences. According to death by dangerous driving sentencing guidelines, it can carry a sentence of up to 14 years in prison. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Causing death by dangerous driving carries a maximum sentence of 14 years' imprisonment. The 40 year-old did not survive after being hurtled over the bonnet of MacKinnon's Volkswagen Golf . The sentence for death by dangerous driving can range from a community order to 14 years in prison, depending on the severity of the offence. Y2M4MDk4ZDNhYTQxNjMyYWRjMmJhM2ZlMGJhODJjYmE4ODY2MTMzNWZjMWU1 There is a great deal of difference between recklessness or irresponsibility which may be due to youth and inexperience in dealing with prevailing conditions or an unexpected or unusual situation that presents itself which may be present regardless of the age of the offender. Carlisle He was riding his motorcycle near Croughton, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, near the exit to RAF Croughton, when a car travelling in the opposite direction and on the wrong side of the road . The Ministry of Justice may be better placed to assist. Select Age - All ages or 5-year age bands. Please note, there may be a charge for this work which would be subject to ourcharging policy. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. MDA1NGExNTI5OGRkZWZjNThmODY3NDI2ZTJiMGZkMTMyOGE3OGU0MGMzM2E5 NmFkYTA4ZGUzY2E5NjdiNmUyYjIxNzJmZDM0ZWU0MzU3NGRkMDk0YjUxNmFj NTdjYTc2MGY0MTE4Y2UxMWIzMTI1MjcxM2M0N2RmMjllMTMxMDhlMmYxMDNm The criminal offence of death by dangerous driving is made of four main offences, but all are derived from a non-fatal equivalent, such as the offence of simple dangerous driving. Disqualification for a minimum . He was also already disqualified from driving and subject to a suspended prison sentence for a number of offences, including other driving offences. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". However, consideration should be given to the circumstances in which the offender decided to drive or continue to drive when driving ability was impaired. (3) Where the court treats a relevant previous conviction as an aggravating factor under subsection (2) it must state in open court that the offence is so aggravated. You will be given a form to complete, which will ask for details of the grounds for your appeal. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The time for which a sentence is suspended should reflect the length of the sentence; up to 12 months might normally be appropriate for a suspended sentence of up to 6 months. YTMzNDQ4YWZkOTIwNGYzNjlhOGYzM2IwMiIsInNpZ25hdHVyZSI6IjljMzRj ZmY0ODFjZGFmYTA5ODZmZjliNjQwZWU5Y2Q4YjlhZDY5NWEyNjRiMGNjMWY3 OGZjNGVhNjlmY2RmNjRkNzE1OTJlZTgzNjYxNjlkZDVhNWExMjAyMjFjNGFm YmI4ZjY3NDI0YWIzZDY3ZjVhMjZmNjgyOTdhZWYzYmNkZjllZTIxYmQ2ZDE4 By Astha Saxena. It provides guidance which sentencers are encouraged to take into account wherever applicable, to ensure that there is fairness for all involved in court proceedings. In United Kingdom law, dangerous driving is a statutory offence. If you are unhappy with the sentence that has been handed down, you may be able to appeal it. Chelmsford Causing death by dangerous driving5 2. if (window.dataLayer) { window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'lead' }); } road safety campaign or the number of people working in driving professions following a ban or conviction for a driving offence. Nadeem Badshah. Dangerous driving means falling well below the standards expected of a competent driver, and can include driving too fast or aggressively, ignoring traffic signals, driving when unfit and being distracted, such as by a mobile phone. Causing death by dangerous driving Causing death by dangerous driving Road Traffic Act 1988, s.1 Effective from: 4 August 2008 Triable on indictment Maximum: 14 years' custody, minimum disqualification of 2 years with compulsory extended re-test Police recorded crime data published as part of our Crime in England and Wales quarterly bulletins provide a breakdown of driving offences under the categories of "causing death or serious injury by dangerous driving", "causing death by careless driving while under the influence of drink or drugs" and "causing death by driving: unlicensed or disqualified or uninsured drivers" inAppendix Table A4. ZjdmY2U1Y2Q3NzcwYWVkNjdiZDc4NmM3ZDYzYzQ0NjBlZWE5YzNmYTE2ZWMy Cyclists, motorbike riders, horse riders, pedestrians and those working in the road are vulnerable road users and a driver is expected to take extra care when driving near them. If you do decide to appeal, the process works like this: This is a simplified guide to the appeal process and you should speak to a lawyer if you want more information. He then attempted to mislead police into believing that Mr Priest had been driving the car by moving his body and planting the car keys on him. Please tell us if there is an issue with this guideline to do with the accuracy of the content, how easy the guideline is to understand and apply, or accessibility/broken links. ZDNmZDVlMWVlNDY3MzFhYmU3NTcxNjNlNWRkOTYyNTg3MDNlMTZjNjEwZTUz Causing death by dangerous driving (acquitted) Harry Dunn was a 19-year-old British man who died following a road traffic collision on 27 August 2019. The broad offences are: 1. If you are given a custodial sentence, you will have the right to appeal. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. If they do not agree with you, the original sentence will stand. Note: for offences committed on or after 28 June 2022 the maximum sentence is life imprisonment and the minimum disqualification is 5 years with compulsory extended re-test. If you are ever in doubt about whether it is safe to drive, always err on the side of caution and dont take any risks. To ensure that the overall terms of the suspended sentence are commensurate with offence seriousness, care must be taken to ensure requirements imposed are not excessive. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The sentence for death by dangerous driving will be determined by a judge based on several factors, including: If you are charged with death by dangerous driving, it is important to seek legal advice as soon as possible. Melissa Tate was hit by a vehicle in Kenton . Carl Clayton has been jailed for causing the death of his cousin Thomas Clayton by dangerous driving The 24-year-old driver killed his cousin in a Christmas Day crash after a chase with. In cases involving significant persistent offending, the community and custody thresholds may be crossed even though the current offence normally warrants a lesser sentence. The fact that an offenders lack of driving experience contributed to the commission of an offence should be treated as a mitigating factor; in this regard, the age of the offender is not relevant. Rida Kazem, 23, was driving a Range Rover carrying . NWVhMDcwYTY3MmY2MWMwN2UzODYwNzdmMjg4NDdjYjJjZmQ5NGQ2OGZkMzZm NzgwNzZlNmFlZGE5ZjE3MDcxNDU4NzZmMjlhODRjNmI2YTQ5Mjk1NjQ2Zjgx -----BEGIN REPORT----- For offenders on the cusp of custody, imprisonment should not be imposed where there would be an impact on dependants which would make a custodial sentence disproportionate to achieving the aims of sentencing. 9) How many people in England work in an occupation that requires a special licence e.g. The requirements are identical to those available for community orders, see the guideline on Imposition of Community and Custodial Sentences. When choosing a lawyer to represent you in a death by dangerous driving case, it is important that you select someone who has experience in this area of law. Further disaggregation of this data is available on NOMIS. the fatality, is what makes the offence considerably more serious. Custody should not be imposed where a community order could provide sufficient restriction on an offenders liberty (by way of punishment) while addressing the rehabilitation of the offender to prevent future crime. It is defined as driving a vehicle dangerously on a road or other public place which leads to someone's death. If you are found guilty of careless or inconsiderate driving, the penalty for the offence is: The level of blame is heightened when death is caused by driving carelessly under the influence of drink or drugs, including prescription drugs. Evidence that an offender is normally a careful and conscientious driver, giving direct, positive assistance to a victim and genuine remorse may be taken into account as personal mitigation and may justify a reduction in sentence. The consequence of the dangerous driving i.e. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports, Dangerous driver, Aaron Guest has sentence increased. Allocation, offences taken into consideration and totality, Fraud, bribery and money laundering offences, General guideline and expanded explanations in sentencing guidelines, Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences, Imposition of community and custodial sentences, Miscellaneous amendments to sentencing guidelines, Offenders with mental disorders, developmental disorders or neurological impairments, Disposals for offenders with mental disorders, developmental disorders or neurological impairments, Types of sentences for children and young people, Definitive guidelines archive of print editions, General guideline: overarching principles, Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea - first hearing on or after 1 June 2017, Sentencing offenders with mental disorders, developmental disorders, or neurological impairments, Crown Court Compendium, Part II: Sentencing, Chapter 6 of Part 10 of the Sentencing Code, Imposition of Community and Custodial Sentences definitive guideline, Imposition of Community and Custodial Sentences, Ancillary orders Crown Court Compendium, A prolonged, persistent and deliberate course of very bad driving, Consumption of substantial amounts of alcohol or drugs leading to gross impairment, A group of determinants of seriousness which in isolation or smaller number would place the offence in level 2, Greatly excessive speed, racing or competitive driving against another driver, Gross avoidable distraction such as reading or composing text messages over a period of time, Driving whilst ability to drive is impaired as a result of consumption of alcohol or drugs, failing to take prescribed medication or as a result of a known medical condition, A group of determinants of seriousness which in isolation or smaller number would place the offence in level 3, Driving above the speed limit/at a speed that is inappropriate for the prevailing conditions, Driving when knowingly deprived of adequate sleep or rest or knowing that the vehicle has a dangerous defect or is poorly maintained or is dangerously loaded, A brief but obvious danger arising from a seriously dangerous manoeuvre, Failing to have proper regard to vulnerable road users, a prolonged, persistent and deliberate course of very bad driving, consumption of alcohol above the legal limit, consumption of alcohol at or below the legal limit where this impaired the offenders ability to drive, failure to supply a specimen for analysis, consumption of illegal drugs, where this impaired the offenders ability to drive, consumption of legal drugs or medication where this impaired the offenders ability to drive (including legal medication known to cause drowsiness) where the driver knew, or should have known, about the likelihood of impairment, greatly excessive speed; racing; competitive driving against another vehicle, driving at a speed that is inappropriate for the prevailing road or weather conditions, driving a PSV, HGV or other goods vehicle at a speed that is inappropriate either because of the nature of the vehicle or its load, especially when carrying passengers, aggressive driving (such as driving much too close to the vehicle in front, persistent inappropriate attempts to overtake, or cutting in after overtaking), driving while using a hand-held mobile phone, driving whilst the drivers attention is avoidably distracted, for example by reading or adjusting the controls of electronic equipment such as a radio, hands-free mobile phone or satellite navigation equipment, driving when knowingly suffering from a medical or physical condition that significantly impairs the offenders driving skills, including failure to take prescribed medication, driving when knowingly deprived of adequate sleep or rest, especially where commercial concerns had a bearing on the commission of the offence, driving a poorly maintained or dangerously loaded vehicle, especially where commercial concerns had a bearing on the commission of the offence, failing to have proper regard to vulnerable road users.

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