what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Sources. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. As early as 1341, Portuguese sailors had made. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. [3] What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. poway high school bell schedule 2021. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. What are the effects of Spain exploration? What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? explored isthmus of panama. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. 5 Pages. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. . Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). answer choices. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? Why was exploration so important to Spain? Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. 1531 The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. They also found a sea route to India. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. with an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of five YouTube channels in Spanish and Portuguese aimed at early . In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. . Posted on . Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. . Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. Gallery. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. (1531) The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. This was centre of the gold trade. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World.

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